Clausula:
I don’t know about you but I take comfort in that. It’s good knowin’ he’s out there, the Dude, takin’ her easy for all us sinners…Welp, that about does her, wraps her all up…purty good story, dontcha think? Made me laugh to beat the band. Parts, anyway…Wal, uh hope you folks enjoyed yourselves. Catch ya further on down the trail.[84]
A turn towards dudeism is needed. In individual moral conduct, dudeism can be practiced with a reliance on local law and order. Takin’ it easy is something from which all can benefit. At the international level, however, a peacekeeping safety net is needed so that individuals and nations can shamble along the elevated road of dudeism without fear for their lives and security. With this safety net a higher level of international peace can be achieved for everyone. This is the most that can be hoped for as perpetual peace does not seem possible but an international police force and government could protect its nations the same way that national police forces and governments protect their citizens. Violence cannot be stopped but perhaps warfare, as known today, could be. It is ironic that philosophers work so diligently on creating models for perpetual peace when perpetual peace is something that will come soon enough in death. So, this paper will end in the same way that Kant’s work Perpetual Peace begins:
Perpetual peace: whether this satirical inscription on a Dutch innkeeper’s sign upon which a burial ground was painted had for its object mankind in general, or the rulers of states in particular, who are insatiable of war, or merely the philosophers who dream this sweet dream, it is not for us to decide.[85]
Bibliography:
Works Cited:
Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the Revolution in France. London: Yale University Press, 2003.
Ceadel, Martin. Thinking about Peace and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Clausewitz, Carl Von. Trans. Howard, Michael & Paret, Peter. On War. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1976.
Coen, Joel & Coen, Ethan. The Big Lebowski. 1998. March 2005 http://users.adelphia.net/~moonshadao/LEBOWSKI.txt
Deussen, Paul. Outlines of Indian Philosophy. Berlin: Karl Curtius, 1907.
Hoffman, Stanley & Fidler, David P. Rousseau On International Relations. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
Flemming, Brian. Reforming the UN. The Daily News: Wednesday, January 5, 2005. p. 15
Ignatieff, Michael. The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror. Toronto: Penguin Group, 2004.
Ignatieff, Michael. Election Scorned. The Chronicle Herald: Sunday, February 6, 2005. p. 3
Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Kant, Immanuel. Ed. Beck, Lewis White. Perpetual Peace. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1957.
King Jr., Martin Luther. Unwise and Untimely: A Letter from Eight Alabama Clergymen to Martin Luther King Jr. and his reply to them on order and common sense, the law and justice, non-violence and love. Nyack, New York: Fellowship of Reconciliation, 1969.
King Jr., Martin Luther. Green Dove. 2000. March 2005. http://www.greendove.net/martinlutherking.htm
Krishnamurti, Jiddu. Beyond Violence. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1973.
McCarthy, Colman. Colman McCarthy Quotes. 2004. March 2005. http://en.thinkexist.com/quotes/colman_mccarthy/
Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty and Other Essays. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991
Morgenthau, Hans J. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace Fourth Edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967.
Norman, Richard. Ethics, Killing and War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Orend, Brian. War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2000.
Paskins, Barrie & Dockrill, Michael. The Ethics of War. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1979.
Pufendorf, Samuel Freiherr von. Trans. Kennet, Basil. The Laws of Nature and Nations: Fifth Edition. London: J. & J. Bonwicke, 1749.
Teichman, Jenny. Pacifism and the Just War: A Study in Applied Philosophy. New York: Basil Blackwell Inc., 1986.
Tzu, Sun. Trans. Griffith, Samuel B. The Art of War. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
Vattel, Monsieur De. Trans. Chitty, Joseph Esq. The Law of Nations; or, Principles of the Law of Nature, Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns. Philadelphia: T. & J. W. Johnson & Co., Law Booksellers, 1883.
Vitoria, Francisco De. Ed. Pagden, Anthony & Lawrance, Jeremy. Political Writings. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books, 1977.
Wasserstorm, Richard A. War and Morality. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1970.
Works Consulted:
Grotius, Hugo. Trans. Campbell, A.C. The Rights of War and Peace. Washington: M. Walter Dunne, 1901.
Suarez, Francis. Trans. Ross, J.F. On Formal and Universal Unity. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1964.
Holmes, Robert L. On War and Morality. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1989.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Ed. Paolucci, Anne & Henry. On Tragedy. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1962.
[1] In the opening scene of the film, President H.W. Bush is seen diegetically, meaning in the narrative’s environment, on a small television in the supermarket where the protagonist is shopping, declaring “This aggression will not stand; this will not stand”.
[2] A new term for pacifism that allows self-defense.
[3] Coen/Coen, 1
[4] Coen/Coen, 1
[5] Teichman, 1
[6] Teichman, 1
[7] Ceadel, 5-6
[8] Deussen, 63
[9] http://en.thinkexist.com/quotes/colman_mccarthy/
[10] Coen/Coen, 17
[11] Paskins/Dockrill, 118
[12] King Jr., 11
[13] Teichman, 1
[14] http://www.greendove.net/martinlutherking.htm
[15] Wasserstorm, 63
[16] Teichman, 1
[17] Coen/Coen, 11
[18] Coen/Coen, 6
[19] William Golding, The Lord of the Flies
[20] Krishnamurti, 85
[21] Norman, 124
[22] Here is an instance where Teichman may say that Norman has done violence to language. Even though the word ‘kill’ and the word ‘murder’ both have the same end, being the termination of life, the two words have different meanings. The word ‘kill’ will be understood as the accidental termination of life; the word ‘murder’ will be understood as the intentional termination of life.
[23] Wasserstorm, 92
[24] Wasserstorm, 92
[25] Clausewitz, 85
[26] Teichman, 74
[27] Norman, 50
[28] Norman, 120
[29] Coen/Coen, 6
[30] Coen/Coen, 5
[31] Coen/Coen, 52
[32] Norman, 81
[33] Pufendorf, 161
[34] Norman, 77
[35] A play on the name Pontius Pilot from The Bible
[36] Norman, 1
[37] Mill, 78
[38] Tzu, 79
[39] Clausewitz, 75
[40] Clausewitz, 86
[41] Clausewitz, 85
[42] Tzu, 66
[43] Teichman, 46
[44] Clausewitz, 75
[45] Vitoria, 310
[46] Coen/Coen, 25
[47] Vattel, 293
[48] Ignatieff, 3
[49] Ignatieff, 3
[50] Kant, 13
[51] Burke, 34
[52] Clausewitz, 87 It should be noted that he means tool, not a musical instrument, but for the rhythm of the joke it is easier to assume a musical instrument. Regardless, the meaning is the same since in both cases it would be something that is used by people who do not know how to operate it.
[53] Walzer, 3
[54] Wasserstorm, 79
[55] Wasserstorm, 86
[56] Wasserstorm, 86
[57] Coen/Coen, 16
[58] Coen/Coen, 17
[59] Walzer, 4
[60] Clausewitz, 87
[61] Norman, 116
[62] Paskins/Dockrill, 102
[63] Ignatieff, 114
[64] Ignatieff, 114
[65] Ignatieff, 114
[66] Coen/Coen, 17
[67] Coen/Coen, 59; Johnson typed in to be read a German accent
[68] Coen/Coen, 106
[69] Ignatieff, vii
[70] Orend, 25
[71] Orend, 25
[72] When writing about international law one should take the warning of Hans J. Morgenthau, in his book Politics Among Nations, quotes John Chipman Gray who warns the reader that “on no subject of human interest, except theology, has there been so much loose writing and nebulous speculation as on international law” (p.224). Morgenthau argues that the reason for this speculation is because naïve optimism of international ethics and an underestimation of power’s corruption of individuals in international politics (p.224).
[73] Norman, 19
[74] Hoffman/Fidler, 34
[75] Wasserstorm, 42
[76] Ceadel, 135
[77] Krishnamurti, 77
[78] Krishnamurti, 74
[79] Kant, 11
[80] Norman, 242
[81] Norman, 190
[82] Flemming, 1
[83] Kissinger, 18
[84] Coen/Coen, 117; Dialogue of The Stranger (the cowboy narrator)
[85] Kant, 3
